SPOTTERS MEDICINE
PSORIASIS
🔹 Definition:
Psoriasis is
a chronic, immune-mediated, inflammatory skin disorder characterized by well-defined
erythematous plaques with silvery white scales, commonly affecting
extensor surfaces.
🔹 Etiology / Causes:
- Genetic predisposition (e.g., HLA-Cw6 gene)
- Autoimmune dysfunction involving T-cells
- Triggering factors include:
- Psychological stress
- Streptococcal infection
- Certain drugs (e.g., lithium,
beta-blockers, antimalarials)
- Skin trauma (Koebner
phenomenon)
🔹 Types of Psoriasis:
1.
Plaque Psoriasis (Psoriasis vulgaris) – Most common
2.
Guttate Psoriasis – Rain-drop like lesions
3.
Inverse Psoriasis – Occurs in skin folds
4.
Pustular Psoriasis – Sterile pustules
5.
Erythrodermic Psoriasis – Severe, generalized redness
6.
Nail Psoriasis
– Pitting, onycholysis
7.
Psoriatic Arthritis – Joint inflammation
🔹 Clinical Features:
- Red plaques with silvery scales
- Auspitz sign: pinpoint bleeding on scale
removal
- Koebner phenomenon: new lesions at trauma sites
- Common sites: elbows, knees, scalp,
lower back
🔹 Diagnosis:
- Usually clinical based on
appearance
- Skin biopsy (if needed): shows
parakeratosis, Munro microabscesses
🔹 Treatment:
Topical
therapy:
- Corticosteroids
- Vitamin D analogs (e.g.,
Calcipotriol)
- Salicylic acid, coal tar
Systemic
therapy:
- Methotrexate, cyclosporine,
acitretin
Biologics:
- Anti-TNF (e.g., Etanercept,
Infliximab)
- IL-17/IL-23 inhibitors (e.g.,
Secukinumab)
Phototherapy:
- Narrowband UVB, PUVA therapy
🔹 Complications:
- Psoriatic arthritis
- Secondary infections
- Depression, anxiety
- Increased risk of cardiovascular/metabolic
disorders
🔹 Prognosis:
- Chronic but manageable
- Newer biologics improve quality
of life
- Regular follow-up and lifestyle
modification essential
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